The permeability of the blood—brain barrier during electrically induced seizures in man

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) in man was studied during various conditions using the indicator dilution method of Crone [8]. Using 113m In-DTPA as reference substance the extraction, E, of the small test substances 24Na+, 36Cl-, 14C-urea and 14C-thiourea was estimated from the areas under the venous outflow curves following intracarotid slug injection of tracers. Interlaminar diffusion and red cell carriage were taken into consideration when calculating E. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured using the intra-arterial 133Xe-injection method. Twenty-two patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were studied before and during seizures and during hypercapnia. Before seizures the extraction values in % were as follows: ENa+ 1.6, ECl- 1.9, Eurea 3.9 and Ethiourea 7.8; the corresponding values for the permeability-surface area products (PS) in ml/100 g x min were 0.5, 0.3, 0.7, 4.1, respectively. During seizure a decrease of Ethiourea and an increase of PSurea were significant. During hypercapnia PSNa and PSthiourea rose significantly. Due to the similarity of the findings in those two high flow situations it is suggested that the changes of CBF and not the epileptic activity are responsible for the changes in permeability. The mechanism of action may be a stretching of endothelial cells in the cerebral vessels or an opening up of new capillaries, or a combination of both.     

冠心病心理障碍多项性程序治疗

对36例冠心病患者进行药物+心理障碍多项性程序治疗,设34例冠心病患者单纯药物治疗对照。结果:观察组抑郁、焦虑显著好转(P<0.01),心绞痛症状缓解(P<0.05),ECGST—T改善(P<0.05),胆固醇降低(P<0.05),血压、心率、凝血时间恢复正常(P<0.05),指出冠心病心理障碍治疗至关重要。     

142例热性惊厥患儿血清钠值的临床观察

目的:探讨热性惊厥患儿血清钠值的变化。方法:对142例上呼吸道感染并热性惊厥及50例呼吸道感染无热性惊厥患儿血清钠值进行测定。结果:(1)热性惊厥患儿低钠血症发生率为51.45%,较无惊厥组患儿低钠血症发生率(12.00%)明显升高(P<0.01)。惊厥大于等于2次组较惊厥1次组低钠血症发生率明显升高(P<0.05)。(2)热性惊厥≥2次组血清钠平均值较1次组明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:热性惊厥患儿易发生低钠血症,且低钠血症程度与惊厥发生次数有关。     

氢质子核磁波谱对儿童热性惊厥脑异常检出和预后评估的价值分析

目的探讨氢质子核磁波谱（H1-MRS）检查对儿童热性惊厥（FS）的脑实质异常的检测效率,及其用于预测临床预后的价值。 方法选择中山市人民医院普通儿科自2017年3月至2018年5月收治的38例FS患儿作为研究对象,所有患儿均进行颅脑MRI及H1-MRS检查,比较MRI和H1-MRS检查对FS患儿颅内异常检出效率差异。根据H1-MRS结果计算代谢物质氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）/[肌酸（Cr）+磷酸肌酸（Cho）]、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值,然后根据患儿出现临床不良预后情况分为有不良临床预后组和无不良临床预后组,比较2组患儿间NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值差异,并分析其对预后的评估价值。 结果38例FS患儿中,MRI检出颅脑异常情况有23例,H1-MRS检出颅脑异常情况有32例,异常情况检出率比较差异具有统计学意义（χ²=5.330,P=0.021）。13例FS患儿出现不良临床预后,有不良临床预后组患儿中表现为复杂型的比率高于无不良临床预后组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。有不良临床预后组患儿的NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值均小于无不良临床预后组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。绘制NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值对预测不良临床预后ROC曲线,其相应的曲线下面积分别为0.848、0.774、0.797。 结论H1-MRS检查对FS患儿脑实质异常的检出率高于MRI检查,且H1-MRS结果计算所得的NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值在FS患儿中显著降低,其中,NAA/（Cr+Cho）值对患儿的预后具有较好的预测价值。     

Influence of salbutamol on the anticonvulsant potency of the antiepileptic drugs in the maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice

Backgroundβ₂-Adrenergic receptor agonists are widely used agents in the treatment of asthma or preterm labor. Since prevalence of asthma was shown to be higher in patients with epilepsy and modulation of noradrenergic system activity may modify epilepsy course, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of salbutamol (SALB), one of the most commonly used β₂-adrenergic receptor agonist on the anticonvulsant potency of four classical antiepileptic drugs (AEDs): valproate (VPA), carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (DPH) and phenobarbital (PB) in mice subjected to the maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizures.MethodsSeizures were caused by a current delivered through ear-clip electrodes. The influence of AEDs and SALB on animals’ motor coordination and memory processes was also evaluated.ResultsSingle SALB injection did not change, whereas 7 days SALB administration decreased seizure threshold in the MES-induced seizures in mice. Moreover, SALB injected ip for 1 day and for 7 days lowered the antiepileptic activity of PB in the MES-induced seizures in mice, but did not change the effect of other analyzed AEDs: VPA, CBZ or DPH. Butoxamine, a selective β₂-adrenergic receptor antagonist, reversed SALB influence on the activity of PB. SALB given alone or in combination with the tested AEDs did not affect animals’ motor performance and memory after both single and 7 days administration.ConclusionsPresented results show that SALB may decrease the antiepileptic efficacy of PB. A special caution is advised to patients with epilepsy receiving β₂-adrenergic receptors agonists in the pharmacotherapy of pulmonary and obstetrical disorders.